Chemical etching uses acidic chemicals to remove material and create an etched pattern on a metal surface. This article delves into the fundamental processes of chemical etching, its myriad applications, and nuanced techniques employed to achieve precision and perfection in the final product.   Electronic circuit chip (fabricated through chemical etching) Introduction In the intricate world of material fabrication and precision manufacturing, chemical etching is a powerful and versatile technique. This method, rooted in chemistry and metallurgy, has transcended its humble beginnings to become a cornerstone in creating intricate designs, fine patterns, and precision components. From the microscopic intricacies of electronic circuits to the artistic elegance of decorative metalwork, chemical etching […]

Testing PCBs involves using various methods and tools to ensure that all the individual elements of a PCB perform optimally, making up a high-quality PCB assembly. This article delves into the methods, procedures, and requirements of PCB testing. Electronic Circuit Board Introduction to PCB Testing Testing is integral to PCB manufacturing, ideally conducted throughout the production cycle to avoid errors in the final product. Early application of PCB design analysis techniques can minimize major issues during manufacturing. Various testing methods on physical boards, including prototypes and small-scale assemblies, focus on potential shorts, solder joint issues, and functionality, ensuring each PCB functions correctly. Hence maintaining the reliability and performance of electronic products. […]

Vias are small holes in a PCB that enable electrical connections between different layers of the board. In the context of PCB design, via tenting refers to the process of covering the vias with a protective layer, typically a solder mask or dry film. This protective layer shields the vias from environmental factors, such as dust, moisture, and chemicals, which can lead to corrosion or short circuits. As PCB technology continues to advance, the importance of via tenting in maintaining the performance and reliability of complex, high-density interconnect (HDI) and flexible PCB designs cannot be overstated. This guide explores the art and science of via tenting, shedding light on its […]

A microvia connects layers in HDI substrates and PCBs, enabling high input/output density in advanced packages. This article delves into the role and significance of microvias in modern electronics, exploring their impact on device miniaturization and functionality.   PCB with a green solder mask and high-density interconnects Introduction Microvias represent a crucial innovation in printed circuit board (PCB) design, marking a significant leap toward the miniaturization and enhanced functionality of electronic devices. These minute electrical connections are integral to multilayer PCBs, enabling interlayer connections in increasingly compact electronic assemblies. As the demand for smaller, faster, and more powerful electronic devices grows, microvias have become essential in meeting these stringent requirements. […]

Bare boards are the skeletal framework of printed circuit boards (PCBs). They are without electrical components which should have made it a fully functional PCB. This article details the uses, benefits, and drawbacks of bare boards, including the types of bare board testing.   Bare printed circuit board Introduction The bare printed circuit board is the foundational component of a printed circuit board, upon which other surface mounts or SMT components such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits are mounted and connected. The relative emptiness of the board allows technicians to conduct several tests to ensure suitability to the desired PCB design, and proactively correct errors where necessary. A bare […]

PCB layers are the copper layers within a printed circuit board, laminated between or onto layers of conductive material. These layers are stacked to enhance the functionality of electronic devices. This article explores the concept of PCB layering, the various types of layers, and their benefits.   Multilayer Printed Circuit Board Introduction PCB layers are the different conductive and insulating sheets that make up a circuit board, each serving a specific purpose in the overall design. These layers typically include copper for conducting electricity, insulating substrates, solder masks for protection, and silkscreen for labeling. The evolution of PCB technology has seen a dramatic shift from single-layer designs to complex multi-layer […]

Printed Circuit Board Vertical Interconnect Access (PCB VIAs) are small plated holes that create electrical connections between different circuit board layers. This article delves into the various types, functions, and best practices of PCB VIAs to help you optimize your PCB design.   Introduction  A via, short for Vertical Interconnect Access, is an essential component of a printed circuit board (PCB) that creates electrical connections between different PCB layers. This small copper-plated hole is drilled or laser-cut through the PCB laminates, intersecting two or more adjoining layers. Comprising a barrel, a pad, and an anti-pad, the via facilitates the flow of electrical and thermal currents across the board. Vias are crucial […]